تأثیر پیامدهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی حضور زنان در ورزشگاه ها بر مشارکت ورزشی زنان با نقش میانجی حمایت اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دکتری مدیریت ورزشی دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر تأثیر پیامدهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی حضور زنان در ورزشگاه ها بر مشارکت ورزشی زنان با نقش میانجی حمایت اجتماعی بود. این پژوهش از نظر نوع توصیفی - همبستگی، هدف کاربردی و روش اجرا میدانی بود. جامعه آماری شامل تماشاگران و طرفداران زن تیم های ورزشی فوتبال بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و در دسترس انجام شد. نمونه آماری به تعداد قابل کفایت جهت مدلسازی انتخاب و تجزیه و تحلیل شد (207 نفر). ابزار اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسش‌نامه های تعدیل شده پیامدهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی، حمایت اجتماعی و مشارکت ورزشی با طیف پنج ارزشی لیکرت بود. روایی محتوایی و صوری این ابزارها توسط خبرگان حوزه ورزش زنان و اساتید مدیریت ورزشی تأیید شد (9 نفر) و پایایی ترکیبی، روایی سازه، روایی همگرا و واگرا با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأیید شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم افزار اس.پی.اس.اس و اسمارت پی ال اس 3 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که پیامدهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی حضور بانوان بر حمایت اجتماعی و مشارکت ورزشی زنان اثر معنی‌داری داشت. حمایت اجتماعی بر مشارکت ورزشی زنان اثر معنی‌داری دارد و همچنین نتایج آزمون سوبل نشان داد که پیامدهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی از طریق حمایت اجتماعی بر مشارکت ورزشی زنان اثر معنی‌داری دارند. بر اساس یافته‌ها می‌توان گفت که با تقویت نظام‌های حمایتی و بهره‌برداری از دستاوردهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی، میتوان به ارتقای فراگیر مشارکت ورزشی زنان و در نتیجه بهبود کلی سلامت و کیفیت زندگی در جامعه یاری رساند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


 
1.   Abedini, S., & Talebi, S. (2017). The socio-economical factors related to the degree of tendency of citizens toward public sports in Khalkal. Journal of Applied Sociology, 28(1), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.22108/jas.2017.21255  [In Persian].
2.   Aghakhanbabaei, M., & Poorsoltani Zarandi, H. (2017). The role of self-efficacy as a mediator between perceived environment and social support with physical activity participation among students. Research on Educational Sport, 5(12), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.22089/res.2017.943 [In Persian].
3.   Ahmadi, A., & Hosseini., H (2021). Presenting a model of the consequences and antecedents of women's presence in football stadiums (Unpublished Master's thesis). Payam Noor University of Garmsar. [In Persian].
4.   Ahmadi, F (2014). Study of female spectators' presence in Iranian sports competitions (Unpublished Master's thesis). University of Shomal. [In Persian].
5.   Ahmadi, F., Boroumand, M. R., & Ramezaninejad, R. (2020). An investigation of factors influencing women spectators’ presence in football stadiums. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 12(1), 121-135. [In Persian].
6.   Bokharaei, A., Sharbatiyan, M. H., & Tavafi, P. (2015). Occupational burnout in hotel industry and its relationship to social health (A case study on hotel employees in Mashhad). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 4(14), 91-111. [In Persian].
7.   Charway, D., & Strandbu, A. (2024). Participation of girls and women in community sport in Ghana: Cultural and structural barriers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 59(4), 559-578. https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902231214955
8.   Eather, N., Wade, L., Pankowiak, A., & Eime, R. (2023). The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults: a systematic review and the ‘Mental Health through Sport’conceptual model. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02264-8   
9.   Ebrahimi, Gh. A., Askari, A., & Niknezhad, M.R. (2010). A sociological study of factors influencing women's tendency to participate in sports as spectators. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 6(11), 61-74. [In Persian].
10. Eskandari, Z. T. (2022). ‘We support football in our heart’: female football fandom in Iran. Soccer & Society, 23(3), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2022.2037208
11. Farahani, A., Shah Mansoori, E., & Mondalizadeh, Z. (2021). Identification of strategies and implications of women's presence in football stadiums as the spectators. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 20(51), 169-184. https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2019.7266.2541  [In Persian].
12. Farahani, Aa., shah mansouri, E., & mondalizadeh, Z. (2020). Analysis and prioritizing the barriers of presence of women as spectators in football stadiums in Iran. Sport management studies, 12(61), 147-170. https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2019.7266.2541  [In Persian].
13. Farakhanloo, R., & Nissian, F (2007) Study of different Afshar attitudes towards the presence of female spectators in men's sports arenas and competitions Research in Sport Sciences, 4(3), 73-50. [In Persian].
14. Ferdowsi, M. H. (2023). The role of cultural and psychological capital in women's sports participation (qualitative research). 15 (58), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.22034/jwcp.2023.709214  [In Persian].
15. Ghaedi, H., & Nobakht Daneshjo, A (2010). The effect of social support and demographic factors on women's participation in sports activities (Case study: women in lamerd city). 1(2), 1-19. [In Persian].
16. Ghiasvand, A., & Rezazade Harati, S. (2020). Freedom platform; Women's strategy for watching football in the stadium. Cultural Studies & Communication, 16(59), 107-131. https://doi.org/10.22034/jcsc.2020.44621 [In Persian].
17. Ghorbani, E., & Garousi, S. (2023). Sports participation of female students and social factors affecting it. Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 17(1), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.22034/jss.2023.552837.1689  [In Persian].
18. Godfrey, M., Coleman, T., & Eys, M. (2021). Ethnic diversity and cohesion in interdependent youth sport contexts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 53, 101881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101881
19. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 20-24.
20. Heaney, C. A., Israel, B. A. (1996) Social networks and social support. In K. Glanz, F.M., Lewis, & B. K. Rimer (Eds.), Health behavior and health education. Theory, Research and Practice (pp. 179 205). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
21. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8   
22. Hosseini, E., & Farzan, F. (2018). An examination of the role of social support in women’s sport commitment to sports. Sport Management Journal, 10(1), 137-148. https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2018.203847.1606 [In Persian].
23. Hull, R. Z., L., Mileva, K., & de Oliveira, R. (2021). This girl can, can't she? perspectives from exercise providers and participants on what factors influence participation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 57(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102043
24. Hunt, K., Wyke, S., Bunn, C., Donnachie, C., Reid, N., & Gray, C. M. (2020). Scale-up and scale-out of a gender-sensitized weight management and healthy living program delivered to overweight men via professional sports clubs: the wider implementation of Football Fans in Training (FFIT). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 584.
25. Jones, B. (2024). Menstrual cycles and the impact upon performance. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1296189
26. Karimi, J., Abbasi, H., & Eydi, H. (2019). Sociological explanation of social consequences of participation in sport; grounded theory. Research on Educational Sport, 7(16), 285-306. https://doi.org/10.22089/res.2018.6136.1500 [In Persian].
27. Longa, F. E. A. (2025). Gender equality within the sports legal framework: A comprehensive analysis and future perspectives. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2), 516–520. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2025.132029  
28. Mobaraki, E., Yoosefy, B. & Ghobadi Yeganeh, A. (2023). Identifying the consequences of banning the presence of iranian women in football stadiums. Sport Management Studies, 15(77), 167-186. https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2022.10043.3307 [In Persian].
29. Moradisharaf, H., Hematinazhad, M., & Benar, N. (2017). Factor analyzing the motivators of sport sponsorship in Hamadan province. Applied Research of Sport Management, 5(3), 79-91. [In Persian].
30. Moshkel Gosha, E (2022). A review of the challenges and prospects of women's sports participation with a social marketing approach. 2(7), 132-123. [In Persian].
31. Mostafaei, J. & Kalateh Seifari, M. (2020). Paradigmatic model for female spectators' presence in football stadiums in Iran. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 8(1), 9-39. https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2020.25216.2063 [In Persian].
32. Naghavi, M., & Khadem, A. (2022). Investigating the role of social capital on the formation of desirable behaviors of football spectators with emphasis on the presence of women in sports stadiums. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 21(55), 211-236. https://doi.org/10.22034/ssys.2022.1288.1893 [In Persian].
33. Naghavi, M., Armandnia, M., & Nikbin, B. (2023). Identifying the effective factors on promoting the general culture of sports venues in Tehran province (with the approach of women's presence in sports stadiums). Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 22(60), 269-288.   https://doi.org/10.22034/ssys.2022.1815.2289 [In Persian].
34. Norozi, A., Maleki, A., Parsamehr, M., & Ghasemi, H. (2017). Investigating the role of social support and sport consumption in explaining sport participation of women in Ilam. Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 11(2), 120-145. [In Persian].
35. Nosrati, S., Javani, V., & Abdavi, F. (2023). Identification of factors influencing the interaction with sports clubs and fan support based on cultural-social theory in Premier League Football Teams. Sports Psychology, 15(1), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.48308/mbsp.2021.101358 [In Persian].
36. Parsaju, A., Javadipoor, M., & Zareian, H. (2019). Identify the strategies of social participation in sport for all in iran. Contemporary Studies on Sport Management, 8(16), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.22084/smms.2018.16716.2225 [In Persian]. 
37. Pross, C. (2022). Women environmental human rights defenders in Nepal and the Philippines. https://doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.055  
38. Rahmaninia و F., Ramezani Nezhad, R., & Fazli Darzi, A. (2006). The effect of male and female spectators on the incidence of aggressive behaviors in athletes. Harakat Paeiz 29(29), 137-146. [In Persian].
39. Razavi, S., Majedi, N., & Mohammadian, F. (2020). Analysis of the effect of virtual communication networks’ role on attitude and sport participation of Tehran citizens. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 19(47), 223-246. [In Persian].
40. Razeghi Maleh, H., Ganji, M., & Motevalian, S. (2022). The mental typology of women regarding barriers to their presence in stadiums as spectators using the q method. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences, 19(3), 200-171. https://doi.org/10.22067/social.2023.79708.1261 [In Persian].
41. Rezazadeh, A., & Davari, A. (2017). Structural equation modeling with PLS. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264519454_Structural_Equation_Modeling_with_PLS
42. Riddervold, S., Haug, E., & Kristensen, S. M. (2024). Sports participation, body appreciation and life satisfaction in Norwegian adolescents: A moderated mediation analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 52(6), 704-710. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948231184525   
43. Sáez, I., Solabarrieta, J., & Rubio, I. (2021). Motivation for physical activity in university students and its relation with gender, amount of activities, and sport satisfaction. Sustainability, 13(6), 3183. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063183
44. Sutresna, N., Berliana, B., & Sya'rani, A. Z. (2024). Reflection of sundanese culture on female supporters, analysis of the characteristics of Persib female football supporters. Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES), 6(4), 492-509.
45. Taheri, H., & Andam, R. (2014). Understanding the theoretical patterns of the presence of families as spectators in the stadium. Journal of Women and Family Law Research, 9(2), 398-317. [In Persian].
46. Trindade, I. A., Marta‐Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2018). Chronic illness‐related cognitive fusion explains the impact of body dissatisfaction and shame on depression symptoms in breast cancer patients. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(6), 886-893.
47. Zahirinia, M., Nikkhah, H., & Shafiei, N. (2015). Investigating the impact of family and mass media on female students' participation in sports activities (Case study: Hormozgan University students). 1(1), 41-61. [In Persian].