1. Arnold, R., Edwards, T., & Rees, T. (2018). Organizational stressors, social support, and implications for subjective performance in high-level sport. Psychology of Sport Exercices, 39, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.010
2. Azmi, K. N. E., & Azizuddin Khan, T. K. B. (2025). The role of social support in improving the performance and well-being of Malaysian Paralympic athletes. Fizjoterapia Polska, 2, 139. https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG00E19PWB
3. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., & Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 980.
4. Clancy, R. B., Herring, M. P., MacIntyre, T. E., & Campbell, M. J. (2016). A review of competitive sport motivation research. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 232-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.09.003
5. Dixon, M. A., & Sagas, M. (2007). The relationship between organizational support, work-family conflict, and the job-life satisfaction of university coaches. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(3), 236–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599421
6. Downward, P., & Muniz, C. (2025). The opportunities and challenges facing participation in different types of women’s football in England. Sport Management Review, 28(3), 498–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2025.2467473
7. Ferreira, J. G., Rodrigues, F., Sobreiro, P., Silva, M., Santos, F. J., Carvalho, G., ..., & Rodrigues, J. (2024). Social support, network, and relationships among coaches in different sports: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1301978. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1301978
8. 5. Fishbach, A., & Woolley, K. (2022). The structure of intrinsic motivation. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9(1), 339363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091122
9. Fleischman, D., Sotiriadou, P., Mulcahy, R., Kean, B., & Cury, R. L. (2022). The impact of “capitalization” social support services on student-athlete well-being. Journal of Services Marketing, 36(6), 813-830. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-12-2020-0520
10. Fogaca, J. L. (2019). Combining mental health and performance interventions: Coping and social support for student-athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(1), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1648326
11. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
12. Freeman, G., & Wohn, D. Y. (2019). Understanding eSports Team Formation and Coordination. Comput. Support. Coop. Work 28, 95–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-017-9299-4
13. Freeman, P. (2020). Social support in sport. In Tenenbaum, G., & Eklund, R. .c (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 447-463) (1st ed). Hoboken: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119568124.ch21
14. Freeman, P., & Rees, T. (2008). The effects of perceived and received support on objective performance outcome. European Journal of Sport Sciences. 8, 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390802261439
15. Freeman, P., Coffee, P., & Rees, T. (2011). The PASS-Q: The perceived available support in sport questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.54
16. Gabana, N. T., Steinfeldt, J. A., Wong, Y. J., & Chung, Y. B. (2017). Gratitude, burnout, and sport satisfaction among college student-athletes: The mediating role of perceived social support. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(1), 14-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0011
17. Haneta, C., Fitri, M., & Williyanto, S. (2023). Impact of social support on increasing motivation of student athlete performance. Bravo's: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan, 11(3), 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200903222913
18. Harter, S. (1987). The determinants and mediational role of global self-worth in children,” in Contemporary Topics in Developmental Psychology, Vol. 116, ed. N. Eisenberg (New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience). https://doi.org/10.1080/03060497.1999.11085914
19. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
20. Hooman, H. (2023). Structural equation modeling with LISREL application. Tehran. Samt. [In Persian].
21. Jaberi, A., Gaspar, P., & Barkhordar, Z. (2022). The role of organizational support on life satisfaction and job satisfaction of female coaches with the mediating role of work-family conflict (Case study: Female coaches in Isfahan). Journal of Family Relations Studies, 2(7), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.22098/jhrs.2022.11489.1069
22. Kay, J., Elliott, S., Crossman, S., Drummond, M., & Petersen, J. M. (2025). Organized sport engagement interventions for female adolescents: A systematic review using the Youth Sport System. Sport in Society, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2025.2460486
23. Knoblochova, M., Mudrak, J., & Slepicka, P. (2021). Achievement goal orientations, sport motivation and competitive performance in beach volleyball players. Acta Gymnica, 51, Article e2021.016. https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2021.016
24. Liu, W. C. (2021). Implicit theories of intelligence and achievement goals: A look at students’ intrinsic motivation and achievement in mathematics. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 593715. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.593715
25. Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2008). The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ): Instrument development and initial validity evidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(3), 323-355.
26. Lourenço, J., Almagro, B. J., & S´aenz-López, P. (2018). Validação do Question´ario de Perceção do Rendimento no Desporto (QPRD) [validation of the perceived performance in sport questionnaire]. e-balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte, 14(3), 195–204.
27. Magner, N., Welker, R. B., & Campbell, T. L. (1996). Testing a model of cognitive budgetary participation processes in a latent variable structural equations framework. Accounting and Business Research, 27(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1996.9729530
28. Muñoz-Helú, H., Reynoso-Sánchez, L. F., Cruz-Morales, K. N., Salazar-C, C. M., & Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L. J. (2025). In the perception of the Olympic movement and gender equity in sport, are gender and sport practice determining factors? Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1564617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1564617
29. Nagorna, V., Mytko, A., Borysova, O., & Lorenzetti, S. R. (2025). Challenges and opportunities: Addressing gender issues in elite sports. Physical Activity Review, 13(1), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000714959
30. Norris, L. A., Didymus, F. F., & Kaiseler, M. (2022). How can social support make coaching less stressful? A longitudinal inquiry with sports coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(6), 1258-1269. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221105763
31. Phipps, C., Afrouzeh, A., Pourkiani, M., Oftadeh-Moghadam, S., & Sajjadi, N. (2025). Iranians on one side, immigrants on the other! Socio-cultural constraints to sport participation amongst Afghan women migrants and refugees. Leisure Studies, 44(1), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2280024
32. Portela-Pino, I., Brea-Castro, M., & Alvariñas-Villaverde, M. (2024). Examining social support and self-esteem in high-performance sportswomen in Spain. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 19(3), 702-709.
33. Poucher, Z. A., Tamminen, K. A., & Kerr, G. (2018). Providing social support to female18 Olympic athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 40(4), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2018-0008
34. Rees, T., & Freeman, P. (2007). The effects of perceived and received support on self- confidence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 1057–1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600982279
35. Rees, T., Ingledew, D.K., & Hardy, L. (1999). Social support dimensions and components of performance in tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404199365948
36. Schuberth, F., Rademaker, M. E., & Henseler, J. (2023). Assessing the overall fit of composite models estimated by partial least squares path modeling. European Journal of Marketing, 57(6), 1678-1702. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2020-0586
37. Schüler, J., Wolff, W., Duda, J.L. (2023). Intrinsic motivation in the context of sports. In Schüler, J., Wegner, M., Plessner, H., Eklund, R.C. (Eds.), Sport and exercise psychology. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03921-8_8
38. Shang, Y., & Yang, S. Y. (2021). The effect of social support on athlete burnout in weightlifters: The mediation effect of mental toughness and sports motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 649677. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649677
39. Stone, M., & Geisser, F. (1975). Cross validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 36(2), 111-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1976.tb01573.x
40. Thoits, P. A. (2010). Stress and health: Major findings and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(Suppl), S41-S53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383499
41. Trotter, M. G., Coulter, T. J., Davis, P. A., Poulus, D. R., & Polman, R. (2021). Social support, self-regulation, and psychological skill use in e-athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 722030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722030
42. Zhang, L. C., Zhang, L. W., Liu, J. H., and Liu, H. (2010). The Relationship between athletes’ burnout and motivation. Journal of Beijing Sport University. 11, 74–76. https://doi.org/10.19582/j.cnki.11-3785/g8.2010.11.021
43. Zhang, Z. (2015). Relationship between training and competition satisfaction and sport motivation of elite athletes: the mediating role of athletes’ burnout. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.13598/j.issn1004-4590.2015.06.016
44. Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.E., & Ptacek, J.T. (1990). Conjunctive moderator variables in vulnerability and resiliency research: Life stress, social support, coping skills, and adolescent sport injuries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.360
45. Wachsmuth, S., Hauser, L. L., Gierens, F. C., Wolf, S. A., Hermann, H. D., & Höner, O. (2025). Examining football players' perceived social support across organizational levels and its links to holistic talent development outcomes in German youth academies. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 76, 102756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102756
46. Weatherford, G. M., Block, B. A., & Wagner, F. L. (2018). The complexity of sport: Universal challenges and their impact on women in sport. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 26(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2018-0001
47. Wetzels, M., Odekkerken-Schroder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.2307/20650284
48. Wibowo, M. S. R., Prasetyo, Y., Sriwahyuniati, C. F., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The effect of self-efficacy, social support, and achievement motivation on archery athlete’s performance. Retos, 54, 348-354. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102211
