بررسی حمایت‌ها و موانع اجتماعی مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان سالمند در فعالیت‌های بدنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت ورزشی و رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

10.22089/rws.2025.18020.1066
چکیده
تحقق فواید فعالیت بدنی برای زنان سالمند درگرو سبک زندگی فعال است، اما این امر مستلزم حمایت‌های اجتماعی کافی و کاهش موانع اجتماعی است؛ بنابراین هدف این تحقیق، بررسی حمایت‌ها و موانع اجتماعی مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان سالمند در فعالیت‌های بدنی بود. روش تحقیق کیفی از نوع اکتشافی و به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی بود که به شکل میدانی اجرا شد. همه زنان سالمند شهر کرمان جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر را تشکیل دادند. نمونه‌ها از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و به شیوه گلوله‌برفی تا رسیدن به نقطه اشباع نظری انتخاب شدند (14 نفر). ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها مصاحبه عمیق بود که روایی آن با طراحی دقیق و نسخه‌برداری صحیح تأمین شد و پایایی با ضریب 94/0 در روش بازآزمون محاسبه شد. در تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش کدگذاری داده‌های کیفی استفاده شد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که در زمینه حمایت‌های اجتماعی هفت مؤلفه شامل حمایت عاطفی، حمایت ساختاری، حمایت مادی، حمایت کارکردی، خدمات اجتماعی و فرهنگی، خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، حمایت دینی و فرهنگی، با مجموع 20 زیرمؤلفه شناسایی شد. همچنین در زمینه موانع اجتماعی شش مؤلفه شامل ناتوان انگاری و دیدگاه‌های فرهنگی، محدودیت روابط اجتماعی، موانع اقتصادی و مالی، موانع ساختاری و امکاناتی، موانع زمانی و برنامه‌ریزی، موانع اطلاع‌رسانی، با مجموع 18 زیرمؤلفه شناسایی شد. درنهایت باید عنوان کرد که حمایت‌های اجتماعی مناسب و کاهش موانع اجتماعی، کلید اصلی افزایش فعالیت بدنی زنان سالمند و ارتقای سلامت آنان است.

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