Analysis of the Gap Between Global Standards and the Reality of Iranian Female Athletes

Sports, as a space for establishing cultural communication and social justice, faces multiple challenges in societies with specific cultural-religious characteristics, including Iran. This research analyzes the gap between global sports standards and the lived realities of Iranian women athletes, and employs a qualitative approach along with semi-structured interviews with 20 athletes and coaches who have experience participating in international events. The data obtained from the interviews were extracted using the thematic network analysis method and organized into three main themes, namely: (1) cultural–sport challenges and conflicts, (2) legal mechanisms and international regulations, and (3) the role model of Iranian women athletes. The research findings indicate that dress restrictions arising from cultural and religious requirements, along with psychological pressures resulting from identity conflicts, weaken equal opportunities in international competitions. Instances such as the Fourth Football Law are examples of restrictive regulations that become problematic in accordance with internal cultural values. On the other hand, the successful experiences of some athletes in adapting to dress standards prove the power to change global perceptions toward women athletes. Ultimately, revising regulations, providing psychological support, and developing flexible standards can create a better path for establishing sports justice and fostering constructive interaction between global norms and local values.