پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی (وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری) پژوهش در ورزش زنان 3060-6675 2 8 2025 12 22 Policy Making in Standardization of Women's Sports Facilities in Iran سیاست گذاری در استاندارد سازی اماکن ورزشی ویژه بانوان در ایران 1 20 4941 10.22089/rws.2026.18803.1096 FA ناهید اتقیا گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران 0000-0003-2895-1396 Journal Article 2025 11 21 Extended Abstract Introduction Investigating the key factors influencing sustained participation in sports venues, particularly among women, necessitates a focused examination of physical activities. The rate of engagement in sports activities demonstrates a positive association with the provision of sports facilities and amenities by the community, which subsequently encourages participation in physical activities (Eime et al., 2017). The purpose of this research was to investigate the policy development and enhancement of women's sports facilities in Iran. The motivation underlying this research stemmed from the critical role that infrastructure and sports facilities play in the development of sport within any society. The availability and accessibility of sports facilities significantly increase participation rates in physical activities. Methods The research method employed a qualitative approach based on grounded theory methodology and was applied in terms of its purpose. The statistical population encompassed all technical and civil engineering experts responsible for overseeing the primary structures of sports venues, specifically those designated for women, managers and officials of sports centers, and users (including athletes, referees, and coaches) of facilities and equipment across sports venues in all 31 provinces of Iran. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected based on theoretical saturation principles through purposive and convenience sampling, and their perspectives were solicited (16 participants). Research instruments included systematic library study and semi-structured interviews. The semi-structured interview protocol comprised 6 demographic questions and 7 open-ended questions. The validity of the instrument was assessed using qualitative validation methods. Open, axial, and selective coding procedures were employed for data analysis. Three criteria were established for participant selection: (1) a minimum of five years of experience in managing women's sports facilities, (2) membership in technical departments and involvement in overseeing primary sports structures (for an extended duration, specifically at least five years), and (3) status as athletes, referees, or coaches utilizing women's sports facilities. Accordingly, purposive sampling was employed to select participants to obtain technically relevant information. Iran comprises 31 provinces. The professional backgrounds of individuals active in the aforementioned positions across these provinces were examined. Emails were dispatched to those eligible for research participation, and 16 individuals agreed to participate in the study. Consequently, 16 technical and civil engineering experts responsible for overseeing primary structures of women's sports venues, managers and officials of sports centers, and users (athletes, referees, and coaches) of facilities and equipment across sports venues in the country's 31 provinces, each possessing several years of professional experience, participated in this investigation. Results The analytical framework developed in this study encompasses five principal perspectives: causal conditions (compliance with technical regulations, safety of mobile and fixed equipment), contextual factors (site selection and construction measures), intervening conditions (human resource services and physical services), strategies (functional and structural approaches), and consequences (development of women's competitive sports and development of women's recreational sports) pertaining to the standardization of sports spaces and facilities for women in Iran. According to the qualitative analysis conducted in this study, none of the causal, contextual, or intervening factors demonstrates primacy over the others. Indeed, each of these factors manifests under specific conditions and exerts distinct effects on the quality of sports facilities. The consistent functionality of each stage depends substantially on continuous evaluation and supervision. Conclusion Based on the research findings, it can be asserted that the standardization of women's sports facilities continues to face a challenging trajectory. Therefore, the dimensions identified in the present research can serve as a pathway for redesigning and formulating plans for the construction of women's sports facilities in accordance with international standards. Alongside the services provided, fundamental procedures—including training programs for personnel and athletes and the assignment of responsibilities to individuals possessing relevant expertise—can significantly enhance the level of standardization of sports facilities. The diverse social and cultural fabric of Iranian society necessitates detailed plans for the design and characteristics of women's sports facilities. In this article, the standardization process sequentially commences with the selection of appropriate location and land. All sports venues and spaces must undergo both components of standardization: site selection and construction measures. Structural strategies should not be implemented as a post-construction phase following land selection; rather, they should be executed in parallel with these strategies. Because these strategies were common to both site selection and construction measures, they have been positioned within the main framework subsequent to these two stages. The initial two stages pertain to structural strategies for places and spaces not yet established. The subsequent considerations apply to both established facilities and those currently being designed. All three stages—safety of fixed and mobile equipment and compliance with technical standards—must be implemented concurrently. Of course, the sustainability of these steps requires continuous evaluation and monitoring, and because this process is defined within another dimension of sports facility management, its elaboration has been omitted from this framework. Following the completion of the equipping phase, the framework enters the service sector, which encompasses both the human services category and the physical services addressing women's needs as mothers and family caregivers. This dimension may constitute one of the most significant standardization factors compared to sports venues designated for men. While providing services, attention to performance strategies—such as staff and client training, specialization, and related measures—can substantially contribute to the standardization of sports facilities for women. Ultimately, the objective of presenting this framework was to delineate a practical and applicable model for designing sports places and spaces specifically for women, considering Iran's distinct cultural and social context. This significant demographic group, constituting half of the nation's population, not only fulfills their individual roles in society but also, through their roles as wives and particularly mothers, profoundly influences the performance, health, and roles of other members of society. Article Message The standardization of women-only sports facilities in Iran necessitates a holistic, systematic, and scientifically grounded policy framework that concurrently addresses technical and safety standards, site selection and construction considerations, the quality of human and physical services, and structural as well as operational strategies. The findings reveal that the absence of an integrated and context-sensitive framework represents a critical obstacle to the sustainable development of women's sport. The analytical framework proposed in this study offers a practical and evidence-based foundation for redesigning, formulating, and harmonizing policies governing the construction and operation of women's sports facilities in alignment with international standards at the national level. Ethical Considerations This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards. Authors' Contributions The present study is derived from a research project conducted for the Ministry of Sports and Youth, which was carried out by Dr. Nahid Atghia. Dr. Nahid Atghia performed all stages of writing, reviewing, and editing the article. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge and express gratitude to all those who participated in this research. هدف از این پژوهش سیاستگذاری در استاندارد سازی و بهبود اماکن ورزشی ویژه بانوان در ایران بود. روش پژوهش از نظر نوع، کیفی و با رویکرد داده ‌بنیاد، و از نظر هدف، کاربردی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه متخصصین فنی و عمرانی ناظر بر سازه‌های اصلی اماکن ورزشی ویژه بانوان، مدیران و مسئولین مراکز ورزشی و استفاده‌کنندگان (کلیه کاربران، ورزشکاران، داوران و مربیان) از امکانات و تجهیزات مکان‌های ورزشی در کشور بود. نمونة آماری به تعداد قابل کفایت بر مبنای اشباع نظری و به‌صورت هدفمند و دردسترس، نمونه‌گیری شدند و از آن‌ها نظرخواهی شد (16 نفر). ابزارهای پژوهش شامل مطالعه کتابخانه-ای نظامند و مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته بود. روایی ابزار با استفاده از روش‌های روایی‌سنجی کیفی، مطلوب ارزیابی شد. از روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی برای تحلیل یافته‌ها استفاده گردید. چارچوب تحلیلی ارائه‌شده شامل 5 منظر اصلی شرایط علی (رعایت قوانین فنی، ایمنی تجهیزات متحرک و ثابت)، زمینه‌ای (انتخاب مکان و اقدامات ساختمانی)، مداخله‌گر (خدمات منابع انسانی و خدمات فیزیکی)، راهبردها (عملکردی و ساختاری) و پیامدها (توسعه ورزش قهرمانی بانوان و توسعه ورزش همگانی بانوان) استانداردادسازی فضا و اماکن ورزشی بانوان ایران بود. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش می‌توان گفت که استانداردسازی اماکن ورزشی ویژه بانوان هنوز مسیر پرچالشی در پیش‌رو دارد. از این‌رو، ابعاد به دست آمده در پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند راهگشایی برای باز طراحی و تدوین برنامه‌‌های ساخت اماکن ورزشی بانوان مطابق با استانداردهای جهانی باشد. واژگان کلیدی: اماکن ورزشی، استاندارد سازی، ورزش بانوان، تجهیزات ورزشی، سیاستگذاری.

https://rws.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4941_b43a6403c17870707ca3c44984a2da22.pdf

پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی (وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری) پژوهش در ورزش زنان 3060-6675 2 8 2025 12 22 Identifying factors affecting gender justice in Iranian professional sports شناسایی عوامل موثر بر عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه‌ای ایران 21 40 4943 10.22089/rws.2026.18327.1077 FA حسین رجبی گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-7948-1446 زهره حدادی دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی پردیس بین المللی کیش، کیش، ایران 0009-0000-5363-2149 فریبا عسکریان گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0009-0008-3859-5739 مهرزاد حمیدی دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-0425-8936 Journal Article 2025 08 07 Background and Purpose Although inequalities persist in the contemporary era, numerous professional athletes have undertaken initiatives toward achieving equality and continue to effectuate positive transformations on a daily basis. In Iran, gender justice within the domain of sport has emerged as a subject of considerable discourse and progressive development in recent years. While women's athletic participation has historically been circumscribed owing to cultural and religious considerations, concerted efforts have been directed toward advancing gender justice in sports. In 2019, the Iranian government rescinded the prohibition on women's attendance at men's sporting events, constituting a significant milestone toward gender equity in athletics. Furthermore, various initiatives have been implemented to expand women's opportunities for engagement in diverse sports and competitive events. Nevertheless, persistent challenges remain, necessitating further endeavors to guarantee equitable opportunities for all genders in Iranian sports. Although the salience of equality issues is anticipated to intensify in subsequent years, a clearly articulated and precise structural framework for gender equity in Iranian sports remains absent, nor does a uniform conceptualization of gender equity exist. Consequently, there exists an imperative for a lucid perspective and framework that will inform our understanding of gender equity in sports. Accordingly, a comprehensive examination of the factors influencing gender equity in professional sports is required. Given the significance of gender equity in athletics, this investigation seeks to address the following research question: What are the determinants affecting gender equity in professional sports in Iran? Methods The present study falls within the purview of applied research regarding its objective. This investigation employs a qualitative research strategy and is analytical-exploratory in nature. Thematic analysis methodology was utilized for data analysis in this research. The participant population comprised experts and experienced individuals in the domain of gender justice in sports, sports management academics, professional athletes, sports organization administrators, and athletic coaches. The research encompassed 17 participants. Purposive sampling was employed in this phase, with interviews continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. Interviews were conducted through a combination of audio and video modalities via social platforms and face-to-face interactions. Interview durations ranged from 30 to 60 minutes, with a mean duration of 35 minutes. Following interview completion, the raw interview data underwent multiple rounds of examination and reexamination, and preliminary coding of the raw data was executed. Subsequently, the extraction of principal categories and potential subcategories commenced, with codes exhibiting the greatest semantic affinity grouped within identical categories. Following the interviews, the principal and subordinate themes pertaining to gender justice in Iranian professional sports were coded and categorized utilizing open coding methodology. Maxqda software version 2022 was employed for analytical purposes. Results The research findings indicate that factors influencing gender justice in Iranian professional sports comprise five principal categories: infrastructural factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, sports-oriented factors, and managerial-political factors. The determinants affecting gender justice in Iranian professional sports encompass twenty subcategories, including the development of sports facilities, digital infrastructure, media infrastructure, budgetary parity, financial resources, financial support, cultural transformations, familial support, attitudinal and belief modifications, community engagement, athletic role models, female coach training, professional championship development, appropriate professional leagues, promotion of public sports, educational programs, human resources, management systems, legal safeguards, and sports policies. Ultimately, considering these findings and the factors affecting gender justice in Iranian professional sports, the development of appropriate programs to address challenges in this domain is imperative. Conclusion Governmental authorities and sports federations should formulate policies that advance gender justice in professional athletics. Mandating that sports federations and clubs implement anti-discrimination policies and enforce equal opportunity legislation for women and men in professional sports is critically important. Additionally, Iranian sports organizations ought to publish annual reports on gender equality through their media channels. The incorporation of gender equality clauses in sports contracts is likewise essential. Matters such as maternity protection and equal remuneration warrant attention. FIFA established maternity provisions as entitlements for professional female footballers in 2021, providing 14 weeks of maternity leave for athletes. A comprehensive management system for gender equity in professional sport necessitates governance reforms, financial commitment, educational development, media strategy, legal protections, and community participation, among other elements. Through implementation of these strategies, sports organizations can establish equitable conditions wherein women and men experience equal opportunities, visibility, and success in professional sport. Gender equity in Iranian professional sport represents not merely an equality concern but constitutes an important imperative for the nation's social and economic advancement. Addressing the factors affecting gender equity in Iranian professional sport and ensuring equal opportunities can reasonably be anticipated to foster a more inclusive and competitive sports culture that benefits athletes and society collectively. Article Message Gender justice in Iranian professional sports represents not merely an equality concern but constitutes an important imperative for the nation's social and economic advancement. Addressing the factors affecting gender justice in Iranian professional sports and ensuring equal opportunities can reasonably be anticipated to foster a more inclusive and competitive sports culture that benefits athletes and society collectively. Ethical Considerations The authors declare full adherence to publication ethics in disseminating the presented article, including avoidance of plagiarism, misconduct, data falsification, or duplicate submission and publication. Authors' Contributions Conceptualization: Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Zohreh Haddadi, Fariba Askarian, Mehrzad Hamidi Data Collection: Zohreh Haddadi, Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Fariba Askarian, Mehrzad Hamidi Data Analysis: Zohreh Haddadi, Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Fariba Askarian, Mehrzad Hamidi Manuscript Writing: Zohreh Haddadi, Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Fariba Askarian Review and Editing: Zohreh Haddadi, Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi Responsible for Funding: Zohreh Haddadi, Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Fariba Askarian, Mehrzad Hamidi Literature Review: Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Zohreh Haddadi, Fariba Askarian Project Management: Hossein Rajabi Noush Abadi, Fariba Askarian, Mehrzad Hamidi, Zohreh Haddadi Conflict of Interest According to the authors, this article presents no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The present study is indebted to the cooperation of sports management professors, professional athletes, sports organization administrators, and athletic coaches who provided substantial assistance through participation in interviews. The researchers sincerely appreciate and express gratitude for this collaboration. عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه ای ایران موضوع مهمی است که نه تنها بر ورزشکاران بلکه بر چشم انداز اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی کشور نیز تأثیر می‌گذارد. توسعه عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش نیازمند یک بستر مناسب برای توسعه است با این وجود هنوز عوامل موثر بر عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه‌ای ایران ارائه نشده است. شناسایی عوامل موثر بر عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه‌ای ایران می‌تواند به پیشرفت این حوزه کمک شایانی نماید. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه‌ای ایران بود. روش پژوهش حاضر کیفی و از نوع پژوهشهای اکتشافی می‌باشد و از لحاظ هدف جزء پژوهش‌های کاربردی به شمار می‌آید. مشارکت‌کنندگان در این پژوهش شامل خبرگان و افراد مجرب در حوزه عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش، اساتید مدیریت ورزشی، بازیکنان حرفه‌ای‌، مدیران سازمان‌های ورزشی و مربیان ورزشی بودند و از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند در پژوهش استفاده شد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات مصاحبه‌های عمیق و نیمه ساختاریافته‌ای با شرکت‌کنندگان انجام گرفت و با 17 مصاحبه اشباع نظری حاصل شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش تحلیل مضمون جهت کسب اطلاعات این پژوهش استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که عوامل موثر بر عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه‌ای ایران از پنج مقوله اصلی تشکیل شده است که شامل عوامل زیرساختی، عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل فرهنگی- اجتماعی، عوامل ورزش‌محور و عوامل مدیریتی- سیاستی می‌شود. در نهایت با توجه به عوامل موثر بر عدالت جنسیتی در ورزش حرفه‌ای در ایران نیاز است تدابیر لازم برای ایجاد بستر مناسب توسعه ایجاد شود. https://rws.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4943_3fc0a5dc1f5757c71b88be8adbfd10e9.pdf

پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی (وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری) پژوهش در ورزش زنان 3060-6675 2 8 2025 12 22 Structural model of sports addiction based on cognitive distortions and self-perception with mediation of Competitive anxiety in female athletes مدل ساختاری اعتیاد به ورزش بر اساس تحریف های شناختی و ادراک خویشتن با میانجی گری اضطراب رقابتی در ورزشکاران زن 41 26 4942 10.22089/rws.2026.18790.1093 FA شقایق نظری گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران 0009-0008-8319-036X رضا هاشمی ماد گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران 0000-0001-5963-9165 مهدی فهیمی گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران 0000-0002-6581-1125 Journal Article 2025 11 15 Background and Purpose Physical activity is widely regarded as a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, contributing significantly to both physical and psychological well-being. However, when pursued to excess, this beneficial activity can evolve into a maladaptive pattern known as exercise addiction, characterized by compulsive and obsessive engagement in physical training despite adverse consequences. This complex behavioral addiction poses serious risks to athletes' physical health, psychological state, and social functioning. Female athletes, in particular, represent a vulnerable population due to the unique interplay of social pressures concerning body image and performance expectations. Understanding the psychological mechanisms that underpin exercise addiction in this demographic is, therefore, both a scientific necessity and a practical imperative within sports psychology. The present study aimed to investigate a structural model of sports addiction based on cognitive distortions and self-perception, with competitive anxiety as a mediator, among female athletes in Qom Province, Iran. Cognitive distortions, defined as systematic and maladaptive patterns of thinking that negatively skew reality, represent a key psychological variable implicated in addictive behaviors. Rooted in Beck's cognitive theory, these distortions—such as all-or-nothing thinking, catastrophizing, and mind-reading—can foster and sustain emotional and behavioral disorders. Emerging research in sports suggests that athletes with higher levels of cognitive distortions are more prone to obsessive and addictive behavioral patterns. For instance, Deperrois et al. (2024) indicated that cognitive distortions may serve as a defense mechanism to avoid negative emotions, potentially driving individuals toward addictive behaviors like excessive exercise. However, the literature presents inconsistent findings; some studies report a direct significant relationship, while others highlight the role of mediating variables, underscoring the need to examine this relationship within a more complex framework. Self-perception, encompassing the beliefs, attitudes, and evaluations an individual holds about themselves, constitutes another critical factor. According to social cognitive theory, self-perception plays a determinative role in motivation, goal-setting, and behavior. A positive and integrated self-perception can serve as a source of resilience, whereas a negative and fragile self-perception may predispose individuals to seek immediate, often unhealthy, solutions to compensate for perceived inadequacy. In the sports context, athletes with poor self-perception may become dependent on exercise as their primary source of identity and self-worth, leading to addictive patterns. Nonetheless, the direct link between self-perception and exercise addiction remains unclear, suggesting the involvement of mediating emotional mechanisms. Competitive anxiety, conceptualized as an emotional and physiological response to competitive situations, is posited as a pivotal mediating variable in this relationship. On one hand, cognitive distortions—such as catastrophic predictions of failure—can significantly elevate levels of competitive anxiety. On the other hand, a negative self-perception may lead athletes to underestimate their ability to cope with competitive pressures, resulting in heightened anxiety. This intense anxiety can, in turn, activate maladaptive coping strategies. Aligned with the self-medication model of behavioral addictions, individuals may engage in specific behaviors—in this case, exercise—to alleviate or escape from unpleasant emotional states such as anxiety. Thus, a female athlete experiencing cognitive distortions and negative self-perception may suffer from debilitating competitive anxiety and resort to excessive exercise for temporary relief, control, or validation, potentially culminating in exercise addiction. While some studies have examined pairwise relationships between these variables, a significant gap exists in the literature regarding a comprehensive structural model that elucidates the simultaneous interaction of cognitive distortions and self-perception, through the pathway of competitive anxiety, on exercise addiction—particularly within the specific cultural context of Iranian female athletes. Methods This applied research employed a descriptive-correlational design based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all female athletes residing in Qom Province who regularly attended sports clubs at least three times per week. Using the Cochran formula with a margin of error of 0.05, an initial sample size of 245 was calculated. After accounting for attrition and applying inclusion criteria, the final sample comprised 207 female athletes, selected via convenience sampling. Participants were required to score above 25 on the Exercise Addiction Inventory, provide informed consent, complete all questionnaires in full, and have a minimum of two years of continuous athletic training. Data were collected using four standardized instruments. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI; Szabo, 2019) consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale and demonstrated excellent reliability in this study (Cronbach's α = 0.911). The Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS; Hamamcı & Büyüköztürk, 2005), comprising 19 items across three subscales, showed acceptable reliability (α = 0.758). The Self-Perception Scale (SPS; Cesh, 2000) was used, combining the self-esteem and self-acceptance subscales (40 items), which yielded a reliability of α = 0.610. Finally, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Domínguez-González et al., 2024), containing 17 items measuring cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence, demonstrated good reliability (α = 0.719). The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Qom (Code: IR.QOM.REC.1402.098). Following coordination with sports club officials, participants completed the questionnaire package in a quiet setting. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-24 and Smart-PLS 3 software. Given the non-normal distribution of the data, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized model, examining direct and indirect effects via a bootstrapping procedure with 5000 samples. Results Initial analyses confirmed the reliability and validity of the measurement model. All constructs exhibited composite reliability (CR) above 0.7 and average variance extracted (AVE) above 0.5, establishing convergent validity. Assessment of the structural model yielded several key findings. Path analysis for direct effects indicated that self-perception had a significant negative impact on competitive anxiety (β = -0.401, t =6.082, p<0.001). Competitive anxiety, in turn, had a significant positive effect on exercise addiction (β=0.317, t=3.227, p= 0.001). Furthermore, cognitive distortions significantly and positively influenced competitive anxiety (β = 0.157, t = 2.159, p = 0.031). However, the direct paths from self-perception to exercise addiction (β = 0.073, t = 0.448, p = 0.654) and from cognitive distortions to exercise addiction (β = 0.058, t = 0.434, p = 0.664) were not statistically significant. Analysis of indirect effects, crucial for testing mediation, revealed that competitive anxiety fully mediated the relationship between self-perception and exercise addiction (β = -0.127, t = 2.744, p = 0.006). This suggests that a negative self-perception increases competitive anxiety, which subsequently elevates the risk of exercise addiction. Conversely, the indirect effect of cognitive distortions on exercise addiction through competitive anxiety was not significant (β = 0.050, t = 1.765, p = 0.078), indicating that competitive anxiety does not mediate this particular relationship. The overall model fit was adequate (GOF = 0.32), and predictive relevance was acceptable (Q² > 0). Discussion The findings of this study elucidate the complex interplay between cognitive factors, emotional arousal, and behavioral addiction in female athletes. The confirmed mediating role of competitive anxiety in the relationship between self-perception and exercise addiction represents a pivotal result. This finding aligns with the self-medication hypothesis, suggesting that female athletes with negative self-perception experience elevated anxiety in competitive settings. To manage this aversive state, they may engage in compulsive exercise, which can be temporarily anxiolytic, thereby reinforcing the behavior and potentially leading to addiction. This pathway is consistent with the findings of Gan et al. (2024), who emphasized the central role of anxiety in shaping maladaptive athletic behaviors. The non-significant direct and indirect pathways from cognitive distortions to exercise addiction reveal a noteworthy finding that contrasts with some previous research, such as that of Su Topbaş et al. (2024). This discrepancy may be attributed to several factors specific to the sample and context. The unique socio-cultural environment of Qom Province, potentially characterized by strong familial and community support networks, might buffer the negative impact of cognitive distortions on addictive behaviors. Furthermore, the athletes in this study may possess more effective coping skills, allowing them to circumvent addictive patterns despite negative thought patterns. Another explanation is that cognitive distortions may influence exercise addiction through other, unexamined mediators—such as perfectionism or body image dissatisfaction—rather than directly or exclusively through competitive anxiety. The significant positive relationship between cognitive distortions and competitive anxiety corroborates the work of Zhang et al. (2024). This finding underscores how maladaptive thought patterns, such as catastrophizing about performance, can distort an athlete's appraisal of competitive situations, thereby triggering heightened anxiety responses. The direct link between competitive anxiety and exercise addiction further supports existing literature, including the longitudinal observations of Kovácsik et al. (2021), confirming anxiety as a potent precursor to excessive exercise patterns. From a practical standpoint, these results highlight critical leverage points for psychological intervention. Coaches and sports psychologists should prioritize interventions aimed at fostering a positive and resilient self-perception in female athletes. Concurrently, implementing cognitive-behavioral techniques to manage competitive anxiety and to identify and restructure core cognitive distortions is essential. Programs that build these psychological skills could prove highly effective in preventing the development of exercise addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the relationship between self-perception and exercise addiction in female athletes is fully mediated by competitive anxiety. While cognitive distortions contribute to increased competitive anxiety, they do not directly or indirectly (via this anxiety) lead to exercise addiction within this model. The findings underscore that exercise addiction is not merely a function of behavior but is deeply embedded in a complex interplay of cognitive and affective processes. The core practical implication is that interventions focused on building positive self-perception and managing competitive anxiety should form the cornerstone of prevention and treatment programs for exercise addiction in female athletes. Future research should explore these relationships using longitudinal designs and investigate the role of other potential mediators and moderators, such as social support, motivational climate, and personality traits, to develop a more comprehensive etiological model. Article Message This study demonstrates that competitive anxiety fully mediates the relationship between self-perception and exercise addiction in female athletes. While cognitive distortions contribute to increased anxiety, they do not directly lead to exercise addiction. The findings highlight that the pathway to addiction is primarily affective-emotional rather than purely cognitive. Therefore, interventions focusing on building positive self-perception and managing competitive anxiety should be prioritized over solely targeting cognitive distortions. Psychological programs incorporating cognitive-behavioral therapy and resilience training can effectively disrupt this pathological pathway, fostering healthier athletic engagement and preventing exercise addiction among female athletes. Ethical Considerations This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. The research protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Qom, with the ethical code IR.QOM.REC.1402.098. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. They were assured of the confidentiality of their data and their right to withdraw from the research at any stage without any consequences. To protect participants' anonymity, all identifying information was removed from the collected data. Authors' Contributions Conceptualization: Dr. Mahdi Fahimi, Dr. Reza Hashemi Mad, Ms. Shaghayegh Nazari Data Collection: Ms. Shaghayegh Nazari Data Analysis: Ms. Shaghayegh Nazari, Dr. Reza Hashemi Mad Manuscript Writing: Ms. Shaghayegh Nazari Review and Editing: Dr. Mahdi Fahimi, Dr. Reza Hashemi Mad Responsible for Funding: Dr. Mahdi Fahimi Literature Review: Ms. Shaghayegh Nazari Project Management: Dr. Reza Hashemi Mad Additional Contributions: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Conflict of Interest The authors hereby declare that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication. There have been no financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of this work. This research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All authors have confirmed the absence of any competing interests that might have influenced the research process, data analysis, or interpretation of findings presented in this manuscript. Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all the female athletes from Qom Province who generously participated in this study. We also extend our appreciation to the managers and staff of the sports clubs who facilitated the data collection process. We are also grateful to our colleagues who provided insightful feedback during the preparation of this manuscript. This research would not have been possible without the cooperation and support of all these individuals. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی مدل ساختاری اعتیاد به ورزش براساس تحریف‌های شناختی و ادراک خویشتن با میانجی‌گری اضطراب رقابتی در ورزشکاران زن استان ... انجام شد. این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی بود که به روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل همه ورزشکاران زن مراجعه‌کننده به باشگاه‌های ورزشی استان ... در سال ۱۴۰۲ بود که از این میان ۲۰۷ نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های اعتیاد به ورزش سازبو (2019)، تحریف‌های شناختی همامچی (2005)، ادراک خویشتن کش (2000) و اضطراب رقابتی مارتنز و همکاران (۱۹۹۰) استفاده شد. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزارهای SPSS-24 و SmartPLS-3 تحلیل شد. براساس نتایج مدل ساختاری، ادراک خویشتن بر اضطراب رقابتی تأثیر منفی و معناداری داشت (401/0-=β، 001/0<P)، اما تأثیر مستقیم آن بر اعتیاد به ورزش معنادار نبود (073/0=β، 654/0=P). تحریف‌های شناختی بر اضطراب رقابتی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری داشت (157/0=β، 031/0=P)، اما تأثیر مستقیم آن بر اعتیاد به ورزش معنادار نبود (058/0=β، 664/0=P). اضطراب رقابتی بر اعتیاد به ورزش تأثیر مثبت و معناداری را نشان داد (317/0=β، 001/0=P). از سوی دیگر، اضطراب رقابتی در رابطه بین ادراک خویشتن و اعتیاد به ورزش نقش میانجی کامل و معناداری را ایفا کرد (127/0-=β، 006/0=P)، اما در رابطه بین تحریف‌های شناختی و اعتیاد به ورزش نقش میانجی معناداری نداشت (050/0=β، 078/0=P). مدل پیشنهادی از برازش نسبی/نسبتاً مطلوبی برخورداربود (32/0=GOF). براساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که اضطراب رقابتی به‌عنوان مکانیسمی مهم در تبیین اعتیاد به ورزش در ورزشکاران زن عمل می‌کند و طراحی برنامه‌های مداخله‌ای با هدف بهبود ادراک خویشتن و مدیریت اضطراب رقابتی می‌تواند در پیشگیری از اعتیاد به ورزش مؤثر باشد.

https://rws.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4942_31bd51a7403b980bf1039518120712e0.pdf

پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی (وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری) پژوهش در ورزش زنان 3060-6675 2 8 2025 12 22 The relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs on sports motivation, movement skills and selected skills related to physical education in Girls Aged 9 to 12 Years ارتباط بین ارضاء نیازهای اساسی روان‌شناختی بر انگیزش ورزشی، مهارت‌های حرکتی و مهارت‌های منتخب مرتبط با تربیت‌بدنی در دختران 9 تا 12 سال 63 88 4997 10.22089/rws.2026.18835.1098 FA مهتاب عربی گروه تربیت‌بدنی ،دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران شمال، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-8464-8055 پانیذ بقایی گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران شمال، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2025 11 20 Background and Purpose Motor development is a critical and widely recognized component of childhood growth, forming the foundation for physical competence, cognitive development, and social interaction. The early acquisition of fundamental motor skills during elementary school years is essential for promoting lifelong participation in physical activity and adopting healthy behavioral patterns. Fundamental motor skills include locomotor abilities, object control, and balance, and they serve not only as the basis for more complex motor behaviors but also as contributors to overall psychological well-being and intrinsic motivation. Physical education classes provide a structured and supportive environment in which children can engage in diverse motor tasks, practice these skills, and develop motivation for movement. Among motivational constructs, autonomous motivation, grounded in Self-Determination Theory, encourages active participation, persistence, and self-directed engagement in physical activities. In contrast, controlled motivation, driven by external pressures or contingencies, may reduce voluntary effort and impede skill acquisition. Despite the importance of motor development, many children worldwide fail to achieve sufficient proficiency in fundamental skills, which can adversely affect long-term physical activity participation and health outcomes. In light of these concerns, the present study aimed to examine the relationships among basic psychological need satisfaction, sports motivation, and both fundamental and selected physical education-related motor skills in girls aged 9 to 12 years. Understanding these relationships provides critical insights for physical education teachers and practitioners, enabling them to design interventions that enhance students' competence, autonomy, and relatedness, ultimately promoting intrinsic motivation and improving motor performance. The study also sought to explore how different components of psychological needs, including competence, autonomy, and relatedness with teachers and peers, uniquely contribute to various motivational and motor outcomes, thereby offering a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms through which psychological factors influence physical development during middle childhood. Methods A quasi-experimental, applied, field-based design was employed for this study, conducted in District 16 of Tehran during the 2020–2021 academic year. The target population comprised all female elementary school students enrolled within the district. A sample of 110 girls aged 9 to 12 years, attending a private school, was selected using convenience sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the acquisition of parental consent and institutional approvals from relevant educational authorities. Data collection procedures incorporated two standardized questionnaires alongside three motor skill assessment batteries to ensure comprehensive measurement of the constructs under investigation. The Cognitive Need Satisfaction Questionnaire measured perceived competence, autonomy, and relatedness through 18 items rated on a five-point Likert scale, providing a reliable assessment of basic psychological need fulfillment within the physical education context. The Behavioral Regulation in Physical Education Questionnaire (BRPEQ) assessed autonomous motivation through seven items and controlled motivation through five items, enabling differentiation between internally and externally driven motivational orientations. Fundamental motor skills were evaluated using selected subtests of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, focusing specifically on upper-limb coordination, in conjunction with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK), both of which have demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.97) and established validity within the Iranian context. In addition, six standardized physical education skill tests commonly utilized in Iranian elementary schools were administered to assess dynamic balance, throwing and catching proficiency, tennis ball reception accuracy, muscular endurance through the plank test, and obstacle navigation capabilities. Covariates, including body mass index (BMI) and chronological age, were incorporated into the analytical framework due to their potential influence on motor performance and motivational dispositions within physical education settings. All assessments were performed during regular school hours by trained examiners who followed standardized protocols to ensure consistency and reliability across measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses conducted, and statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. This methodological approach ensured that both the relationships among psychological needs, motivational constructs, and motor skills, as well as the predictive roles of these variables, could be rigorously evaluated. Reliability and validity of all instruments were established through appropriate psychometric procedures, and all research procedures adhered strictly to ethical guidelines for research involving children, thereby ensuring accurate, meaningful, and ethically sound data collection. Results The sample consisted of 110 female students with a mean age of 11.39 years (SD = 0.10) and a mean BMI of 23.36 kg/m² (SD = 0.88), both variables demonstrating normal distributions as indicated by acceptable skewness and kurtosis values. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive roles of basic psychological needs on autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, fundamental motor skills, and physical education-related skills, providing a comprehensive assessment of the hypothesized relationships. Psychological needs collectively explained 40% of the variance in autonomous motivation, with the regression model achieving statistical significance (F = 16.66, p < 0.01). Competence (β = 0.23, p < 0.05), autonomy (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), and peer relatedness (β = 0.24, p < 0.05) emerged as significant positive predictors of autonomous motivation, whereas teacher relatedness (β = 0.20, p > 0.05) did not contribute significantly to the model. For controlled motivation, psychological needs explained 39% of the variance, with the regression model also demonstrating statistical significance (F = 15.21, p < 0.01). Autonomy (β = -0.28, p < 0.01), teacher relatedness (β = -0.33, p < 0.01), and peer relatedness (β = -0.20, p < 0.05) negatively predicted controlled motivation, indicating that higher satisfaction of these needs was associated with lower external motivational regulation, while competence (β = 0.83, p > 0.05) was non-significant in this model. Regarding physical education-related skills, psychological needs accounted for 26% of the variance (F = 8.60, p < 0.01), with competence (β = 0.30, p < 0.05) and peer relatedness (β = 0.33, p < 0.05) positively predicting performance outcomes, whereas autonomy and teacher relatedness did not reach statistical significance. For fundamental motor skills, psychological needs predicted 50% of the variance (F = 23.77, p < 0.01), representing the largest effect size among the outcome variables examined. Competence (β = 0.29, p < 0.01) and autonomy (β = 0.36, p < 0.01) emerged as significant positive predictors, while teacher relatedness and peer relatedness were non-significant within this model. Collectively, these findings indicate that different components of psychological needs contribute variably to distinct motivation types and motor skill outcomes, underscoring the importance of a differentiated approach when designing interventions targeting motivational and motor development. Competence consistently predicted both autonomous motivation and motor skill performance across domains, while autonomy strongly influenced both fundamental motor skills and autonomous motivation. Peer and teacher relatedness selectively affected motivational outcomes but did not consistently impact motor performance, suggesting that the influence of social relatedness may be more pronounced in motivational processes than in direct skill acquisition. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that satisfying basic psychological needs is crucial for enhancing both motivation and motor skill development in elementary school girls, with implications extending to physical education pedagogy and curriculum design. Competence and peer relatedness positively predicted autonomous motivation and performance in both physical education-related and fundamental motor skills, whereas autonomy primarily contributed to intrinsic motivation and motor skill acquisition, particularly in the context of fundamental movement patterns. Teacher relatedness exhibited selective effects, significantly predicting controlled motivation but not motor performance, indicating that while positive student-teacher relationships may reduce externally regulated motivation, they may not directly translate to enhanced skill outcomes. Higher fulfillment of psychological needs was consistently associated with decreased controlled motivation, emphasizing the importance of autonomy-supportive learning environments that prioritize student choice, meaningful feedback, and opportunities for self-directed engagement. Overall, the results align substantively with Self-Determination Theory, highlighting that environments supporting competence, autonomy, and peer-relatedness foster intrinsic motivation and skill development, thereby reinforcing the theoretical framework's applicability within physical education contexts. Physical education teachers and curriculum developers are encouraged to create supportive, autonomy-promoting learning contexts that facilitate sustained participation, intrinsic motivation, and holistic motor development. Attending to psychological needs can optimize learning experiences, improve physical literacy, and encourage lifelong engagement in physical activity, ultimately contributing to the health trajectories of children. These findings provide actionable guidance for interventions designed to enhance motivational and motor outcomes, offering evidence-based strategies for educators and practitioners. Fostering supportive environments, promoting autonomy through structured choice, and enhancing competence through mastery-oriented feedback and peer connections represent fundamental strategies for achieving these developmental outcomes, with implications extending to policy development and teacher training programs. Article Message Satisfaction of basic psychological needs, including competence, autonomy, and positive relationships with teachers and peers, plays a crucial role in enhancing autonomous motivation and improving participation and fundamental motor skills among elementary school children. The findings highlight that designing physical education environments to consistently meet these needs can facilitate sustained motivation, engagement, and skill development. By providing opportunities for choice, constructive feedback, and supportive social interactions, educators can promote intrinsic motivation, strengthen motor competence, and foster long-term participation in physical activity. These insights are essential for effective curriculum planning and teaching strategies in school physical education. Authors' Contributions The conceptualization, manuscript writing, revision, editing, and literature review were conducted by the first author, while data collection and data analysis were carried out by the second author. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors express their gratitude and appreciation to all those who contributed to the completion of this research. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطۀ بین ارضای نیازهای اساسی روان‌شناختی با انگیزش ورزشی، مهارت‌های حرکتی بنیادی و مهارت‌های منتخب مرتبط با تربیت‌بدنی در کودکان بود. روش پژوهش از نوع مطالعۀ مقطعی-همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل همه دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی شهر تهران و نمونه آماری متشکل از 110 دانش‌آموز دختر ۹ تا ۱۲ سال منطقه ۱۶ تهران در سال تحصیلی 1401-1400 بود که داوطلبانه در پژوهش شرکت کردند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها شامل پرسشنامۀ ارضای نیازهای روان‌شناختی در تربیت‌بدنی، پرسشنامۀ مقررات رفتاری در تربیت‌بدنی، آزمون برونینکس-اوزرتسکی و آزمون هماهنگی بدن برای سنجش مهارت‌های حرکتی بنیادی و آزمون استاندارد مهارت‌های مرتبط با تربیت‌بدنی بود. روش همبستگی پیرسون برای بررسی روابط بین همه متغیرها به کار رفت. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی چندگانه روی متغیرها با همبستگی انجام شد. درنهایت، تأثیر مستقیم نیازهای روان‌شناختی اساسی (یعنی متغیرهای مستقل) بر FMS (یعنی متغیرهای وابسته) شناسایی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 26 انجام شد و سطح معناداری 05/0 تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های شایستگی و ارتباط با همسالان به صورت مثبت و مؤلفه‌های خودمختاری، ارتباط با معلم و ارتباط با همسالان، به صورت منفی قادر به پیش‌بینی انگیزش کنترل‌شده تربیت‌بدنی بودند. همچنین مؤلفۀ شایستگی و مؤلفۀ ارتباط با همسالان و مؤلفۀ شایستگی و خودمختاری، به صورت مثبت قادر به پیش‌بینی مهارت‌های حرکتی بودند؛ بنابراین معلمان تربیت‌بدنی می‌توانند با تقویت احساس شایستگی، خودمختاری و ارتباط در دانش‌آموزان، زمینه افزایش انگیزش درونی و بهبود عملکرد حرکتی آنان را فراهم آورند.

https://rws.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4997_ccf8111910291ba472b385e9c5f59099.pdf

پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی (وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری) پژوهش در ورزش زنان 3060-6675 2 8 2025 12 22 Futures Studies in School Physical Education: Utilizing the Transition Cycle to Empower Iranian Female Students آینده‌پژوهی در تربیت بدنی مدارس: استفاده از الگوی چرخه انتقال برای توانمندسازی دانش‌آموزان دختر ایرانی 89 111 5038 10.22089/rws.2026.17970.1064 FA مهناز شیخ زاده بهابادی گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران 0009-0002-9724-3916 مجید خوروش گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران 0000-0002-5192-8461 حمید زاهدی گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران 0000-0002-9520-1029 مینا مستحفظیان گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران 0000-0002-0226-6246 Journal Article 2025 04 20 Physical education in Iranian schools, despite its crucial role in fostering students’ physical, mental, and social well-being, faces numerous challenges for female students. Limited infrastructure, traditional attitudes, and socio-cultural restrictions are among the primary barriers reducing girls' participation in sports activities. This study aimed to explore futures studies in school physical education by employing the Transition Cycle framework to empower Iranian female students. The study utilized an action research approach based on case studies, implementing the Transition Cycle model in five girls' high schools in Isfahan. The research phases included the four main stages of the Transition Cycle (Imagine, Connect, Act, and Assess), alongside analyzing students' feedback and experiences. Additionally, a scenario planning method was employed to develop four foresight scenarios concerning physical education in girls' schools. Findings revealed that the Transition Cycle effectively enhanced students' transformative skills, enabling them to address the socio-cultural challenges prevalent in schools. The devised scenarios underscored the significance of combining strong social support with advanced infrastructure to enhance girls' participation in sports. However, challenges related to aligning theories with practice and addressing social constraints require further attention. The results of this study indicate that school physical education can serve as a platform for empowering female students and enhancing their transformative skills. It is recommended that the Transition Cycle approach be applied in other educational contexts and among diverse demographic groups to further explore its effectiveness. با وجود نقش بااهمیت تربیت‌بدنی در مدارس ایران در توسعه سلامت جسمانی، روانی و اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان، همچنان با چالش‌های متعددی برای دختران دانش‌آموز مواجه است. کمبود زیرساخت‌های مناسب، نگرش‌های سنتی و محدودیت‌های اجتماعی و فرهنگی ازجمله موانعی هستند که مشارکت دختران در فعالیت‌های ورزشی را کاهش می‌دهند. این تحقیق با هدف آینده‌پژوهی در تربیت‌بدنی مدارس و استفاده از الگوی چرخه انتقال برای توانمندسازی دانش‌آموزان دختر ایرانی انجام شد. در این پژوهش، از روش اقدام‌پژوهی مبتنی بر مطالعه موردی استفاده شد و الگوی چرخه انتقال در پنج دبیرستان دخترانه در اصفهان اجرا شد. مراحل تحقیق شامل چهار فاز اصلی چرخه انتقال (تصور، اتصال، اقدام، و ارزیابی) و تحلیل بازخوردها و تجربیات دانش‌آموزان بود. علاوه بر این، از روش سناریو‌نگاری برای تدوین چهار سناریوی آینده‌نگر مرتبط با تربیت‌بدنی در مدارس دخترانه استفاده شد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که الگوی چرخه انتقال به‌ طور مؤثر مهارت‌های تحول‌آفرین دانش‌آموزان را تقویت کرد و به آن‌ها امکان داد تا با چالش‌های اجتماعی و فرهنگی موجود در مدارس مواجه شوند. سناریوهای تدوین‌شده نشان دادند که ترکیب حمایت اجتماعی و زیرساخت‌های پیشرفته می‌تواند مشارکت ورزشی دختران را بهبود بخشد؛ در عین حال، چالش‌های مرتبط با همخوانی نظریه‌ها و عمل و همچنین محدودیت‌های اجتماعی نیازمند توجه بیشتری است. نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که تربیت‌بدنی مدارس می‌تواند به بستری برای توانمندسازی دانش‌آموزان دختر تبدیل شود و مهارت‌های تحول‌آفرین آن‌ها را تقویت کند. پیشنهاد می‌شود، رویکرد چرخه انتقال در سایر محیط‌های آموزشی و با گروه‌های جمعیتی متفاوت نیز به ‌کار گرفته شود.

https://rws.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5038_335cd1b90bfa4ee70b39d08a4ae0cf2d.pdf

پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی (وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری) پژوهش در ورزش زنان 3060-6675 2 8 2025 12 22 Practical and influential drivers shaping the future of active women’s leisure time پیشران‌های کاربردی مؤثر بر آینده‌ی اوقات فراغت فعال بانوان 138 112 5057 10.22089/rws.2025.5057 FA فاطمه معصومی فر گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد اسلامشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلامشهر، ایران غلام رضا فرجی استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرقدس، ایران 0000-0002-8374-4413 مطهره مصلحی گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد اسلامشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلامشهر، ایران سعید قربانی گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد اسلامشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلامشهر، ایران Journal Article 2025 11 19 The aim of this research was to identify the practical drivers affecting the future of women's active leisure. This research was descriptive-analytical in terms of its applied goal-setting strategy and its method, and explanatory based on futures research methods. The statistical population of this research consisted of leisure specialists and experts, as well as sports management specialists and experts in organizing family and women's sports events. These individuals were selected purposefully and their number was equal to 20 people. In order to identify the issues affecting the future of women's leisure, interviews with experts were used, and based on that, 24 final components were identified in relation to women's leisure. To analyze the data, the coding method was used in the interview analysis section, and in the futures research section, the structural analysis method or interaction analysis was used with the help of the Miqmac software. The results obtained showed that 24 factors are effective components in women's active leisure. Based on the research findings, four variables were identified as the main drivers: "Cultural change in attitudes towards women's sports, national policies for the development of women's sports, safe and standard public spaces for women, and women's physical activity tracking tools (pedometers and simple sports sensors)." Therefore, it should be said that in order to achieve appropriate conditions in the future of women's active leisure, planners and stakeholders need to consider long-term scenarios and organize their strategic actions based on future trends and technological developments. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی پیشران‌های کاربردی مؤثر بر آینده‌ی اوقات فراغت فعال بانوان بود. این پژوهش از لحاظ راهبرد هدف‌گذاری کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی و براساس روش‌های آینده پژوهی، تبیینی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را متخصصان و کارشناسان اوقات فراغت و همچنین متخصصان مدیریت ورزشی و کارشناسان برگزاری رویدادهای ورزش خانوادگی و زنان تشکیل می دادند. انتخاب این افراد به صورت هدفمند بود و تعداد آن ها برابر با 20 نفر بود. جهت شناسایی موضوعات مؤثر بر آینده اوقات فراغت بانوان از طریق مصاحبه با صاحب‌نظران استفاده شد و مبتنی بر آن تعداد 24 مؤلفه نهایی در ارتباط با اوقات فراغت بانوان شناسایی گردید. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در بخش تحلیل مصاحبه از روش کدگذاری و در بخش آینده-پژوهی از روش تحلیل ساختاری یا تحلیل آثار متقابل با کمک نرم افزار میک مک استفاده شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که 24 عامل به عنوان مولفه های موثر در اوقات فراغت فعال بانوان هستند. براساس یافته های تحقیق چهار متغیر" تغییر نگرش فرهنگی نسبت به ورزش زنان، سیاست‌های ملی توسعه ورزش بانوان، فضاهای عمومی ایمن و استاندارد برای بانوان، ابزارهای ردیابی فعالیت بدنی زنان (گام‌شمار و سنسورهای ساده ورزشی)" به عنوان پیشران‌های اصلی شناسایی شد. از این رو باید گفت برای دستیابی به شرایط مناسب در آینده اوقات فراغت فعال بانوان، نیاز است که برنامه‌ریزان و دست‌اندرکاران با بهره‌گیری از این پیشران‌های نوین، سناریوهای بلندمدت را در نظر بگیرند و اقدامات استراتژیک خود را براساس روندهای آینده و تحولات فناورانه سامان دهند. https://rws.ssrc.ac.ir/article_5057_79a3308b13cd31f096d8a4a34f96b66b.pdf